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When was the transistor invented4/2/2023 Marvin Kelley, who was then head of Bell Laboratories, had brought the trio together. In certain respects, a fourth person was responsible for the transistor being discovered at that time. Three persons, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen and William Shockley, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for the breakthrough that they achieved on December 23, 1947. Yet the transistor is fundamental for all modern technology, including telecommunications, data communications, aviation and audio and video recording equipment. The inventors themselves believed that the transistor might be used in some special instruments and possible in military radio equipment. It was invented in 1947, and even several years later, it was considered by a scientific conference to be such an odd accomplishment that it was not included in the documentation. The transistor, however, is an invention that was conceived long before the time was right. This VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT was written by Mario Ritter.Many inventions are conceived simultaneously by several different persons because the time is "right", meaning that a technical and scientific foundation exists and that there is demand and business potential for the invention. One scientist at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories worries that connecting so many molecule-sized devices together would prove to be almost impossible. Yet, the new extremely small transistors may be too small. They also say the chemical process for creating the transistors appears to work well. However, researchers at Bell Labs have already connected together several of the transistors into a circuit. The new transistor is still being developed. This simple ability to start and stop electrical current forms the language used by most computers. Releasing and stopping electrical current permits electronic processors to move and store information. The molecules also chemically form a molecule-sized device that controls electrical current. The process creates molecule-sized openings that carry electricity. The scientists used a chemical process to attach carbon-based molecules to gold. It is so small that it is put together chemically. Scientists Hendrik Schon, Zhenan Bao and Hong Meng created the new transistor. William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain received the Nobel Prize for Physics in Nineteen-Fifty-Six for their discovery. In Nineteen-Forty-Seven, scientists at the same laboratory invented the first transistor. Lucent Technologies’ Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, is developing the extremely small transistor. The area that carries electrical current in the new transistor is about the width of a single molecule. However, the new transistor may represent the smallest possible size for this kind of device. Scientists have developed smaller transistors year after year to produce more powerful integrated circuits. Powerful integrated circuits have large numbers of transistors. They form part of what is called an integrated circuit. They also have the ability to increase electrical current.Įxtremely small transistors are used in computers. True transistors can turn the flow of electricity on and off. Transistors are used in many electronic devices to control the flow of electrical current. It is about one-million times smaller than a grain of sand. Scientists report they have created the smallest device to carry electrical current ever made. This is the VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT.
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